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International Affairs Students Current Students Alumni Faculty/Staff Careers--> TOHOKU UNIVERSITYCREATING GLOBAL EXCELLENCE Search 日本語 Contact Tohoku University --> About Facts & Figures Facilities Organization Chart History President's Message Top Global University Project Designated National University Global Network Promotional Videos Academics Undergraduate Graduate Courses in English Exchange Programs Summer Programs Double Degree Programs Academic Calendar Syllabus Admissions Undergraduate Admissions Graduate Admissions Fees and Expenses Financial Aid Research Feature Highlights Research Releases University Research News Research Institutes Visitor Research Center Research Profiles Academic Research Staff Campus Life International Support Office IT Services Facilities Dining & Shops Campus Bus Clubs & Circles News University News Research--> Arts & Culture Health & Sports Campus & Community Press Release--> International Visit Alumni Careers Events Exhibits Music Special Event Lecture Alumni--> Map & Directions Campus Maps & Bus--> Facilities Map--> TOHOKUUNIVERSITY About Academics Admissions Research Campus Life News Events International Affairs Students Current Students Alumni Faculty/Staff Promotional Videos Subscribe to our Newsletter Map & Directions Contact Jobs & Vacancies Emergency Information Site Map 日本語 Close Home Research News Artificially Cultured Brains Improve Processing of Time Series Data Research News Artificially Cultured Brains Improve Processing of Time Series Data 2023-06-29 The Brain comprises billions of interconnected neurons that transmit and process information and allow it to act as a highly sophisticated information processing system. To make it as efficient as possible, the brain develops multiple modules tasked with different functions, like perception and body control. Within a single area, neurons form multiple clusters and function as modules - an important trait that has remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution. Still, many unanswered questions remain regarding how the specific structure of the brain's network, such as the modular structure, works together with the physical and chemical properties of neurons to process information. Reservoir computing is a computational model inspired by the brain's powers, where the reservoir comprises a large number of interconnected nodes that transform input signals into a more complex representation. Now, a research team has harnessed machine learning based on reservoir computing to analyze the computational capabilities of an "artificially cultured brain" composed of neurons derived from the cerebral cortex of rats, i.e., rat cortical neurons. The team's findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on June 12, 2023, and was led by Takuma Sumi, Hideaki Yamamoto, and Ayumi Hirano-Iwata, researchers based at Tohoku University. They worked in collaboration with Yuichi Katori from the Future University Hakodate. "Using optogenetics and fluorescent calcium imaging, we first recorded the multicellular responses of the cultured neuronal network," said Yamamoto. "Then we decoded it using reservoir computing, finding that the artificial cultured brain possessed a short-term memory of several hundred milliseconds, which could be used to classify time-series data, such as spoken digits." When the artificial cultured brain receives a human speech sound (the number 0 pronounced as "zero" in English) as input, it converts the input into a multicellular response. The response signal is then read out by a linear classifier to achieve classification of the time-series signal. The artificial cultured brain in the figure is designed to grow within four squares connected by thin lines, resembling a modular architecture. In this experiment, we found that such modularity in the artificial cultured brain improves the classification performance. ©Yamamoto et al. Samples with a higher degree of modularity were found to exhibit better classification performance. Moreover, a model trained on one dataset was able to classify another dataset in the same category, revealing that the artificial cultured brain could filter information to improve the reservoir computing performance. "The findings advance our mechanistic understanding of information processing within neuronal networks composed of biological neurons and move us toward the potential realization of physical reservoir computers based on biological neurons," adds Yamamoto. The reservoir computer based on biological neurons could be used to classify spoken digits even when the speakers were switched during training and testing. Classification accuracy after the switch decreased compared to when there was no speaker switching, but classification was achieved above chance level. Such classification was not possible when the input signal was directly decoded by a linear classifier, suggesting that biological neurons act as a generalization filter to improve the performance of reservoir computing. ©Yamamoto et al. Publication Details: Title: Biological neurons act as generalization filters in reservoir computingAuthors: Takuma Sumi, Hideaki Yamamoto, Yuichi Katori, Koki Ito, Satoshi Moriya, Tomohiro Konno, Shigeo Sato, Ayumi Hirano-IwataJournal: Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217008120 Press release in Japanese Contact: Hideaki Yamamoto (Profile),Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University Email: hideaki.yamamoto.e3tohoku.ac.jp Yuichi Katori (Profile)Future University HakodateEmail: katorifun.ac.jp Archives 2014&＃24180; 2015&＃24180; 2016&＃24180; 2017&＃24180; 2018&＃24180; 2019&＃24180; 2020&＃24180; 2021&＃24180; 2022&＃24180; 2023&＃24180; Page Top About Tohoku University Academics Admissions Research Campus Life News Events International Affairs Students Alumni Promotional Videos Subscribe to our Newsletter Map & Directions Contact Tohoku University Jobs & Vacancies Emergency Information Site Map Media Enquiries Parent & Family Support Public Facilities Contact Tohoku University